Car accident – what to do after the accident and how to get maximum compensation?

Car accident – What to do after the accident and how to get maximum compensation?

One moment that changes everything

One second of inattention. A sharp braking sound. An impact. Whether it's a minor impact in the parking lot of the Malcha Mall in Jerusalem or a serious accident on Highway 1 at the entrance to the city, A car accident is a traumatic event that changes our lives in an instant..

In Israel, over 17,000 road accidents occur every year in which people are injured (according to data from the Central Bureau of Statistics), and many of the victims waive their rights or receive compensation far less than they deserve – simply because they did not know what to do in real time.

As lawyers specializing in the field of torts in Jerusalem at the Halevi Law Firm, we see up close the consequences of mistakes made in the first minutes after the accident. Mistakes that could cost you tens or even hundreds of thousands of shekels in compensation.

This article will provide you with a comprehensive and practical guide to every step: from the moment the accident occurred to receiving the full compensation you are entitled to by law. We will review the legal framework, examine guiding case decisions, and provide you with practical tools to secure your rights.

What happens in the first few seconds?? Immediate actions at the scene of the accident

Ensuring safety and saving lives – First priority

The Golden Rule: Safety before anything else. Immediately after the accident, your brain may be in shock and adrenaline. But your first actions are critical:

Essential actions immediately after the accident:

1. Check your medical condition and the condition of the passengers in the vehicle. – Even if you feel fine, stopping suddenly can cause injuries that are not immediately visible or noticeable due to the adrenaline.
2. Move the vehicle to the side of the road if possible. – If the vehicle is drivable and the accident is minor, it should be moved to a safe area to prevent further accidents (תקנה 290 לתקנות התעבורה, התשכ”א-1961).
3. Turn on emergency lights and place a warning triangle. – At least 100 meters away from the vehicle on a highway (Regulation 52 of the Traffic Regulations).
4. Call hotline 100 or 101 – דיווח למשטרה הוא חובה על פי חוק בכל תאונה שבה נגרם נזק גוף או נזק רכוש משמעותי (סעיף 73 לפקודת התעבורה, התש”ח-1961).
5. Call an ambulance in case of suspected injury – התקשרו למד”א (101) או למוקד החירום הרפואי. אל תנסו להעריך את חומרת הפציעה בעצמכם.

The legal obligation to stop and remain where you are

Important to know: Leaving the scene of an accident is a serious criminal offense. Section 73 of the Traffic Ordinance specifically states that a driver involved in an accident must stop his vehicle immediately and remain at the scene. Breaching this duty may lead to a charge of leaving the scene of an accident, which is punishable by up to 3 years in prison and revocation of a driver's license.

In the verdict מדינת ישראל נ’ כהן, בית המשפט קבע כי “חובת ההישארות במקום התאונה היא יסוד מרכזי בשמירה על הסדר הציבורי ועל יכולת הבירור של נסיבות התאונה. עזיבת המקום מקשה על המשטרה לברר את האחריות ועל הנפגעים לקבל את הסעד המגיע להם.”

When is it permissible to move vehicles and when is it not permissible??

This is a question that almost every victim asks.

The ruling is clear.:

• In the event of a minor accident without injuries – It is permitted and recommended to move vehicles to the side of the road so as not to block traffic, but Before that, you must take pictures of the condition of the vehicles and the brake lights. (Regulation 290A of the Traffic Regulations).
• In the event of an accident with injuries or significant damage – Do not move anything until the police arrive, unless there is a real danger of another accident or personal injury.
• In case of suspected serious injury or death – It is strictly forbidden to move anything, and you must wait for the police and emergency teams.

בפסק הדין ת”א פלוני נ’ הפניקס חברה לביטוח בע”מ, נקבע כי “העדר תיעוד ראוי של מצב הרכבים מיד לאחר התאונה עלול לפגוע ביכולת הנפגע להוכיח את גרסתו לגבי נסיבות התאונה, ובכך להשפיע על גובה הפיצוי או אף על עצם הזכאות לו.”

Exchanging details with the other party – What is mandatory and what is recommended?

According to sections 144-145 לTraffic regulations, There is a legal obligation to exchange details With the other party involved in the accident:

Details that must be provided:

• Full name and ID number
• Residential address
• Contact phone number
• Vehicle registration number
• Insurance company details and policy number
• Driver's license number

Important tip: Don't just accept verbal information. Take a photo of the other party's ID, driver's license, vehicle registration, and insurance card. This will prevent situations where incorrect information is provided.

Report to the police – When is it mandatory and when is it desirable??

Many people don't know when they really have to report to the police. Here's the complete guide:

A reporting obligation exists in the following cases (Section 145 of the Traffic Regulations)::

1. Any accident in which bodily harm is caused to any person
2. תאונה שבה נגרם נזק לרכוש ציבורי (עמודים, מעקות, תמרורים וכו’)
3. Accident with a vehicle driven away from the scene
4. An accident in which the parties were unable to reach an agreement
5. Accident with a vehicle without valid insurance

It is recommended to report even if there is no legal obligation when:

• The damage is significant (over 10,000 NIS)
• There is suspicion of driving while intoxicated or under the influence of drugs.
• The road condition was problematic (smooth, wet, roadworks)
• There are witnesses whose testimony is important to document.
• You suspect that the other side may change their version.

Police report is created Official and objective documentation of the event, which could be critical in the prosecution process. In a judgment אבו נ’ מנורה מבטחים, בית המשפט ציין כי “העדר דיווח משטרתי בתאונה משמעותית, בשילוב עם סתירות בגרסאות הצדדים, מחליש את אמינות התובע ועלול להשפיע על האמון בגרסתו.”

Accident documentation: Your most powerful weapon in the compensation process

Photos and video – What to photograph and how?

Proper documentation of the accident scene can be worth tens of thousands of shekels. In the age of smartphones, there's no reason not to document every detail. Here's the complete guide:

What to photograph at the scene of the accident:

1. The condition of the vehicles from all angles – At least 4 photos per vehicle (front, back, both sides)
2. The damage to the car up close – Any scratches, dents, or other damage
3. Position of vehicles relative to the road – The relationship between vehicles, travel routes, traffic signs
4. Brake marks on the road – If there are any
5. Road and weather conditions – Puddles, oil, sand, snow
6. Damage to public property – Columns, railings, traffic signs
7. Traffic signs and lighting conditions – Stop signs, give way, speed limit
8. Security cameras nearby – Take pictures of where they are located so that the photos can be requested.
9. Vehicle license plates – of all involved
10. Body injuries or blood stains – If applicable

Professional tip: Also, take a 360-degree video from your position, while verbally describing what you see. This can be used in court.

What documents are essential to collect on site??

Beyond the photographs, Documenting is critical:

• Details of the second vehicle and driver – A photo of a driver's license, ID card, vehicle license
• Insurance details – Photo of the insurance certificate, policy number
• Witness details – Name, phone number, and a brief description of what they saw (if they are willing to share)
• Police arrival confirmation – If the police arrived, the incident number and the officer in charge
• Medical certificates – אם הגיע מד”א, קבלו אישור פינוי או טיפול

Recording of testimonies – How to document correctly?

Evidence is sometimes the key to winning a case.. Here's how to document them correctly:

1. Ask witnesses to stay put. Until the police arrived
2. Write down their details. – Name, telephone number, address, place of work
3. Ask them what they saw. – “מאיזה כיוון נסעו?”, “מה הם שמעו?”
4. Document in writing or on a recording. (with their consent) their description
5. Ask them to leave written testimony. – Signed and dated

According to Article 15 לפקודת הראיות [נוסח חדש], התשל”א-1971, Oral testimony given in real time at the scene is considered more reliable than testimony given months later in court.

In the verdict דיין נ’ משה, בית המשפט העליון קבע כי “תיעוד עדויות מיד לאחר האירוע, כאשר הזיכרון טרי, מקנה להן משקל ראייתי משמעותי.”

Using the car camera as legal evidence

Car cameras have become an essential tool in proving liability in car accidents. In recent years, courts have accepted dashcam footage as strong and reliable evidence.

In the verdict כהן נ’ הראל חברה לביטוח בע”מ, בית המשפט קבע כי “צילומי מצלמת הרכב הם ראיה אובייקטיבית ובלתי תלויה שמשקלה הראייתי גבוה, ובלבד שהמצלמה תקינה ואיכות הצילום מאפשרת זיהוי ברור של האירוע.”

How to use dash cam footage?

• Save the file immediately. – Do not delete or edit
• Copy to several places – Computer, cloud, external disk
• Do not post on social media. – This may be considered an admission or an invasion of privacy
• Pass it to the lawyer. as soon as possible

The relationship with the insurance company: What is allowed and what is not allowed to be said

The initial report to the insurance company – When and how?

על פי סעיף 22 לחוק חוזה הביטוח, התשמ”א-1981, קיימת חובה לדווח לחברת הביטוח על תאונה בהקדם האפשרי או “מיד”, usually within 24-48 hours. Failure to report may result in the claim being rejected or compensation being reduced.

How to report correctly:

1. Call the damage hotline from your insurance company within 24-48 hours
2. Provide only the basic details – Date, time, place, parties involved
3. Do not go into details about guilt or the version of events. In the phone call
4. Request a case number And there is a therapist
5. Send a written report Via email or the company's website

warning: Everything you say to the claims center is recorded and can be used against you. Be concise and factual only.

Common mistakes when talking to the insurance company

Things not to say or do:

1. “זו הייתה אשמתי” – Even if you think so, don't plead guilty.
2. “אני מרגיש בסדר” – Many injuries are only discovered days later
3. Sign a waiver of rights – Before consulting with a lawyer
4. לקבל “הצעה נדיבה” מיידית – It is usually much lower than you deserve
5. Give a detailed statement over the phone – Ask to do this in writing and after consultation
6. Agree to an unaccompanied medical examination – Always take a companion or lawyer

In the verdict לוי נ’ הכלל חברה לביטוח, בית המשפט קבע כי “הודאה של המבוטח בשיחה טלפונית עם מוקד הנזקים, שבוצעה בזמן קרוב לאירוע כאשר הוא עדיין בהלם, איננה מהווה ראיה חותכת לאחריות, אלא יש לבחון את כל הנסיבות.”

The right to refuse to answer questions – When can it be activated??

Important to know: Despite the obligation to cooperate with the insurance company, You have the right not to answer certain questions. Or ask to respond only in the presence of a lawyer.

According to the Insurance Contract Law, the duty of cooperation includes providing factual information, but Does not include an obligation to admit guilt or interpret the legal situation.

When is it recommended to use a lawyer during the reporting phase?:

• When the accident is serious and there are serious injuries
• When there is a dispute about the circumstances of the accident
• When the insurance company tries to deny the claim
• When you are offered a quick compromise

The right to choose a repair shop – What is important to know??

Many do not know thatThey have the right to choose their own garage. To repair the vehicle, although insurance companies prefer to direct you to certain garages.

According to consistent case law, you are entitled to repairs at an authorized garage of the vehicle manufacturer, and not just at a garage that works with the insurance company. In the ruling גולן נ’ מגדל חברה לביטוח בע”מ, נקבע כי “הזכות לבחור מוסך תיקונים היא זכות יסוד של המבוטח, והמבטח אינו יכול לכפות עליו מוסך מסוים אלא אם הדבר נקבע במפורש בפוליסה.”

Important tip: Always get a written estimate before the repair, and keep all receipts and invoices.

The claim process: Who is suing whom and under what law??

The legal framework: Torts Ordinance and the Compensation Law for Road Accident Victims

Two main legal frameworks Controls the field of compensation in traffic accidents:

1. פקודת הנזיקין [נוסח חדש], התשכ”ח-1968

The Torts Ordinance is the basic law that determines liability in torts in Israel. Article 35 Determines tort liability based on negligence, which is the basis for most compensation claims in traffic accidents.

Key principles:

• Every driver has a duty of care towards other road users.
• Proof of negligence (failure to meet the required standards of care)
• Causal relationship between negligence and damage
• Compensable damages (body, property, soul)

2. חוק הפיצויים לנפגעי תאונות דרכים, התשל”ה-1975

This is the special law that deals with compensation from insurance companies. The law creates absolute liability (no fault) of the owner of the damaging vehicle, and gives the injured party a direct right to sue the insurer.

Key principles of the law:

• Absolute responsibility – No need to prove guilt (Article 2)
• Right to sue the insurer directly (Article 5)
• Compulsory insurance – every vehicle must be insured (Section 3)
• Road Accident Victims Fund – for cases of uninsured vehicles (Section 7)

Who are the appropriate defendants in the lawsuit??

A critical question that needs to be answered correctly:

1. The other driver's insurance company – This is the most common claim (according to the Road Accident Victims Compensation Law)
2. Your insurance company (comprehensive insurance) – If you have comprehensive insurance and you also want to receive compensation for property damage
3. Road Accident Victims Fund – If the other driver is uninsured or if he fled and his identity is unknown. The fund operates under the Ministry of Finance. 
4. Vehicle owner – If the driver was not the owner of the vehicle (in addition to the insurance company)
5. Additional factors – Local council (if the damage was caused by a defect in the road), construction contractor, vehicle manufacturer (in rare cases of a manufacturing defect)

In the verdict פרידמן נ’ קרן לנפגעי תאונות דרכים, בית המשפט העליון קבע כי “על התובע לכלול בתביעה את כל הגורמים שעלולים להיות אחראים לתאונה, כדי למנוע מצב שבו הוא ייאלץ לנהל הליכים נפרדים.”

The difference between a claim under the Torts Ordinance and a claim under the Compensation Law

Comparison table:

actually, ברוב המקרים מומלץ לתבוע על פי חוק הפיצויים כיוון שהוא מקל על הנפגע (אין צורך להוכיח אשם), ומבטיח שיהיה “כיס עמוק” לשלם את הפיצויים (המבטח ולא הנהג).

Obsolescence: The dates you shouldn't miss

Serious warning: A claim filed after the expiration of the statute of limitations will be dismissed outright!

על פי סעיף 7 לחוק ההתיישנות, התשי”ח-1958, וסעיף 9 לחוק הפיצויים לנפגעי תאונות דרכים:

• Claim for compensation for bodily injury – 7 years from the date of the accident (Torture Ordinance) 
• Claim for compensation for property damage Against the insurance company – 3 years from the date of the accident
• In the case of minors (under 18 years of age) – The statute of limitations only begins upon reaching adulthood.

In the verdict מדינת ישראל נ’ זעירה, בית המשפט העליון קבע כי “ההתיישנות היא חוק מסדר, והתובע חייב לפעול במסגרת הזמנים שקבע המחוקק. אי עמידה במועד תגרום לדחיית התביעה, גם אם המקרה ראוי לפיצוי.”

Types of damages and compensation: What are you entitled to by law??

Bodily injuries – The highest compensation

Personal injury is the broadest and most significant category in car accident claims. They include a wide range of components:

1. Pain and suffering

This is compensation for Physical pain and mental suffering caused to the injured party as a result of the accident. The compensation is determined according to:

• Severity of injury
• Duration of the rehabilitation period
• Chronic pain or prolonged side effects
• Mental suffering, trauma, anxiety

In the verdict רכבת ישראל נ’ טננבאום, בית המשפט העליון קבע כי “הפיצוי בגין כאב וסבל נועד לתת מענה לנזקים הלא -ממוניים, ויש להעניק אותו בסכום ההולם את חומרת הפגיעה ואת השפעתה על איכות חיי הנפגע.”

Typical amounts in 2024-2025:

• Minor injury (two weeks of pain) – 5,000-15,000 NIS
• Moderate injury (several months) – 30,000-100,000 NIS
• Severe injury (permanent disability) – 200,000-500,000 NIS and more
• Very serious injury (paralyzing, severe disability) – millions of shekels

2. Loss of earning capacity – In the present and in the future

this is The main economic component, and is calculated in a complex way:

Loss of past earnings: The difference between what the injured party earned before the accident and what he earned (or did not earn) after it, until the trial date.

Loss of future earnings: Future wage loss due to decreased work ability, calculated according to:

• Salary before the accident
• Percentage of medical and functional disability
• Retirement age (67 for men and women)
• Discount rate (interest rate that reduces the present value of future money)

Basic formula: Future compensation = (monthly salary × 12) × percentage of functional disability × number of years until retirement (capitalized)

example:

• Monthly salary: 15,000 NIS
• Functional disability: 30%
• Years until retirement: 20 years
• Compensation (approx.): 15,000 × 12 × 0.3 × 12 (discount factor) = 648,000 ₪

In the verdict סיקרון נ’ בלומנטל, the Supreme Court established the principles for calculating future loss of earnings, including the discount rate and consideration of expected changes in the economy.

3. Medical expenses – Past and future

Full compensation for All medical expenses Caused and will cause:

Past medical expenses:

• Hospitalizations and evacuations
• Doctor and specialist visits
• Imaging tests (X-rays, CT, MRI)
• Treatments (physiotherapy, occupational therapy)
• Medications
• Medical aids (crutches, wheelchair)

Future medical expenses:

• Expected surgeries
• Prolonged rehabilitation
• Chronic treatments
• Lifelong medications
• Home and car adjustments

important: Keep all your receipts! Every invoice, every payment confirmation – everything counts.

4. Helping others and nursing

Compensation for The need for help from others In daily tasks:

• Help with bathing and dressing
• Food preparation and cleaning
• Escort to clinics
• Mobility assistance

The compensation is determined according to:

• Hours of help required per day/week
• Duration of the period (temporary or permanent)
• Market cost of a therapist (approximately 40-60 NIS per hour)

In the verdict נחום נ’ בית החולים בילינסון, בית המשפט קבע כי “הזכות לפיצוי בגין עזרת הזולת קיימת גם אם בפועל ניתנה העזרה על ידי בני משפחה ללא תשלום, שכן הנפגע נפגע בכושר העצמאות שלו.”

5. Damage to life expectancy

In the most serious cases, when the accident Shortened life expectancy The injured party is entitled to additional compensation. This is compensation for the years of life lost.

6. Adjustment expenses

Compensation for Adjustments required due to disability:

• Home renovation (ramps, elevators, bathroom adaptations)
• Vehicle adjustment (manual steering wheel, ramp, crane)
• Workplace adaptation

Property damage – Compensation for the vehicle and belongings

1. Car damage

Two possible routes:

A. Vehicle repair: Full compensation for the cost of the repair at the garage, plus:

• Deductible (if applicable)
• Loss of commercial value (decrease in value of the vehicle after repair) – usually 10-30% of the repair cost

B. The vehicle is scrapped (total loss): Compensation equal to the market value of the vehicle on the eve of the accident (not the price you once paid).

In the verdict מזרחי נ’ הכלל חברה לביטוח בע”מ, בית המשפט קבע כי “יש לפצות את הנפגע בגין אובדן הערך המסחרי של הרכב גם לאחר תיקון, שכן הרכב המתוקן אינו בשווי של רכב שלא עבר תאונה.”

2. Damage to items in the vehicle

Compensation for:

• Broken glasses
• Mobile phone
• Laptop
• jewelry
• clothes
• Work equipment

important: Attach receipts and evidence of the purchase of the items.

3. Related expenses

• Towing and storage expenses
• Rental of a replacement car (for a reasonable period)
• Legal fees and expenses

Mental damage (mental injury)

Compensation for Mental injury as a result of the accident, even without significant physical injury:

• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Anxiety and panic from traveling by car
• Depression
• Sleep disorders

The compensation is based on:

• Severity of mental injury (according to a psychiatric opinion)
• Duration of mental health treatment required
• The impact on daily functioning

In the verdict גרוסמן נ’ ערן, The Supreme Court recognized the right to compensation for mental harm even in cases where the physical injury was relatively minor, provided that the mental harm was convincingly proven.

Compensation for family members in the event of death

The most difficult situation – In the event of the death of the victim in an accident, family members are entitled to compensation according to Section 12 of the Torts Ordinance:

Close family members (spouse, parents, children) are entitled to:

1. Loss of financial support – The loss of income that the deceased would have provided for the family
2. Loss of services – Home and childcare services provided by the deceased
3. Compensation for pain and suffering and loss – Non-financial compensation for the loss of a loved one

Compensation range in the event of death:

• For a spouse: 500,000 – 1,500,000 NIS (depending on age and income)
• For children: 200,000 – 600,000 NIS per child
• For elderly parents: 150,000 – 400,000 NIS

In the verdict רימון נ’ הפניקס הישראלי, the Supreme Court discussed in detail the method of calculating compensation for the family in the event of death, taking into account the income of the deceased, the age of the children, and the family's situation.

Medical assessment and the medical committee: A critical step in determining compensation

What is a medical mole and why is it critical??

Medical mole היא הערכה רפואית של מצב הנפגע, שנעשית על ידי רופא מומחה מטעם חברת הביטוח או מטעם ביהמ”ש. השומה קובעת:

• Percentage of medical disability – According to the disability table in the appendix to the Compensation for Road Accident Victims Law
• Percentage of functional disability – How much does disability affect work ability?
• The need for future treatments – Surgeries, physical therapy, medications
• The need for help from others – Does the victim need assistance with daily tasks?

Why is this so critical?? The percentage of disability is the basis for calculating compensation for loss of earning capacity, and it can affect tens or even hundreds of thousands of shekels in total compensation.

How to prepare for the medical assessment?

Preparation for the mole is critical.

Here is the complete guide:

Before the mole:

1. Collect all medical records.
   
   • Hospital discharge letters
   • Imaging test results (X-ray, CT, MRI)
   • Opinions of expert doctors
   • Medication lists
   • Treatment certificates (physiotherapy, occupational therapy)
2. Prepare a list of complaints
   
   • Any pain, discomfort, limitation – write it down.
   • Describe how the injury affects your daily life.
   • דוגמאות קונקרטיות: “לא יכול להרים את הנכד”, “כאבים בגב לאחר 20 דקות ישיבה”
3. Take a companion
   
   • A family member or friend who can support and document
   • It would be better if he also recorded what was said in the assessment.

During the assessment:

1. Be honest and detailed. – Don’t exaggerate, but don’t underestimate the importance of the pain either.
2. Describe bad and not so good days – The doctor needs to know about the situation during the difficult days
3. Mention all complaints. – Even if they seem small
4. Ask for explanations – If something is unclear, ask.

After the mole:

1. Get a copy of the review – It is your right.
2. Check that all complaints have been documented. – Sometimes the doctor forgets to mention something
3. If you disagree with the findings – There is a right to a counter-assessment (see below)

Counter-mole – When and how?

if You disagree with the results of the assessment., You have the right to order Counter-mole By a specialist doctor of your choice.

When should you do a countermeasure??

• The disability determined is significantly lower than you expected.
• The doctor did not address all the complaints.
• There are other opinions that contradict the assessment.
• The gap between your assessment and your actual situation is large.

How to do a counter-mole?

1. Consult a recognized and experienced specialist in the field (not your family doctor)
2. Provide him with all medical records.
3. Underwent a thorough inspection
4. Get a detailed and reasoned opinion

cost: A counter-assessment usually costs 2,000-5,000 NIS, but it can increase the compensation by tens of thousands of shekels.

In the verdict כהן נ’ הפניקס הישראלי בע”מ, בית המשפט קבע כי “במקרה של פער משמעותי בין שתי חוות דעת רפואיות, יש למנות מומחה מטעם בית המשפט או להעדיף את חוות הדעת המפורטת והמבוססת יותר.”

The Medical Committee – What is it and how do you deal with it??

The Medical Committee It is a medical body consisting of three specialist doctors, who meet to discuss cases where there is Significant controversy Among the moles.

The committee convenes in the following cases:

• A gap of over 10% between the moles
• Dispute over the need for future treatments
• Dispute over causation (whether the injury was caused by an accident)

How to prepare for the committee:

1. Prepare a neat bag With all medical records
2. They came with a lawyer. – This affects how the committee will treat you
3. Describe your situation clearly and factually.
4. Give examples. – Video of daily coping, photos

Committee decision:

• Binding on both parties (except in exceptional cases)
• The decision can only be appealed in special circumstances.
• The committee's opinion serves as the basis for calculating compensation.

Compensation negotiations: Strategies for maximizing returns

The Strategic Plan for Winning Negotiations

Compensation negotiation is both an art and a science. Insurance companies employ professional negotiators to reduce compensation. Here's how you can deal with it:

Step 1: Thorough preparation

Before we start talking about amounts:

1. Know the true value of the bag – Think about what the fair compensation is, either on your own or with a lawyer.
2. Prepare a neat bag – All documents, receipts, opinions
3. Collect similar judgments – What have the courts ruled in similar cases?
4. Know your strengths and weaknesses – Where do you have an advantage and where do you not?

Step 2: Opening of negotiations

The first proposal:

• Don't accept the first offer. – It is almost always significantly lower
• אל תחשפו את “קו הבטן” שלכם – The minimum amount you will agree to
• Ask questions – “איך הגעתם לסכום הזה?”, “מה הבסיס לחישוב?”

Negotiation techniques:

1. Shut up after receiving an offer – Silence creates pressure on the other side to improve
2. Ask for a break to think. – Don't give an immediate answer.
3. השתמשו ב”עוגן גבוה” – Start with a high (but not unreasonable) demand to move the discussion upward
4. Split the demand for components – דונו בכל רכיב בנפרד (כאב וסבל, אובדן השתכרות וכו’)

In the verdict בוחבוט נ’ כלל חברה לביטוח בע”מ, בית המשפט העליון ציין כי “משא ומתן בתום לב הוא ערך מרכזי ביחסי ביטוח, והצדדים נדרשים לפעול בדרך של הגינות והגשמת תכלית הביטוח.”

Legal pressure techniques used by insurance companies

Know the tricks so you don't fall for them.:

1. “ההצעה תפוג בעוד שבוע” – Creating artificial time pressure
   
   • Your response: “אני צריך זמן להתייעץ עם עורך דין ומומחים.”
2. “זה הסכום הגבוה ביותר שאושר” – Attempt to create a feeling that there is no room for bargaining
   
   • Your response: “אני מבין, אבל אני רוצה לבדוק האם זה משקף את מלוא הנזק.”
3. “אם לא תסכים, נלך למשפט ואתה תפסיד” – Intimidation
   
   • Your response: “אני מוכן ללכת למשפט אם זה מה שנדרש כדי לקבל פיצוי הוגן.”
4. “הרופא שלנו קבע שאין לך נכות” – Relying on a single mole
   
   • Your response: “אני אקבל שומה נגדית מרופא מומחה.”
5. הצעה “נדיבה” מיד אחרי התאונה – Attempt to close the case before the full damage is revealed
   
   • Your response: “אני רוצה לחכות עד שהמצב הרפואי יתייצב.”

How to identify a fair compromise offer versus exploitation

Signs that the offer is fair:

✅ The proposal is close to similar rulings
✅ The insurance company explains the basis for the calculation
✅ All components of damage are expressed
✅ Future damages are taken into account
✅ The offer reflects the medical opinion

Warning signs that someone is trying to take advantage of you:

🚩 The offer is 30% or more lower than similar judgments
🚩 לחץ “קח או עזוב” ללא הסבר
🚩 Ignoring certain damage components
🚩 No reference to future treatments
🚩 The offer is based on a minimum medical assessment
🚩 Attempt to close the case quickly, before the situation stabilizes

Rule of thumb: If the offer is more than 20% lower than the amount you calculated (based on court rulings and experts), they are probably trying to take advantage of you.

When should you use mediation instead of going to court??

Mediation It is an alternative dispute resolution process in which a neutral third party (mediator) helps the parties reach an agreement.

Benefits of mediation:

• speed – Months instead of years
• Savings on expenses – Less than 10% equals a full sentence
• control – You decide the outcome, not the referee
• privacy – The procedure is confidential
• flexibility – Creative solutions that a court cannot offer

When is mediation appropriate??

✅ The gap between the parties is not huge (up to 30-40%)
✅ Both sides are ready to compromise
✅ There is a desire to end the matter quickly
✅ The case does not include questions of principle that require a legal decision

When is mediation less appropriate??

❌ The gap between the parties is huge (over 50%)
❌ There is a dispute over basic principles (who is at fault)
❌ The case includes new legal issues that require ruling
❌ One of the parties takes advantage of mediation to delay

In the verdict המוסד לביטוח לאומי נ’ דבורה לוי, בית המשפט העליון עודד שימוש בגישור ובפשרה, תוך ציון כי “הליכי גישור יכולים לקצר זמן התדיינות, לחסוך עלויות, ולהגיע לתוצאה הוגנת יותר לצדדים.”

When should you go to trial and when should you settle??

Cost-benefit analysis of a trial

משפט הוא “נשק גרעיני” – It should be used with caution. Here is the full analysis:

Legal costs

Financial costs:

1. Lawyer's fees
   
   • אופן תשלום נפוץ: 17-25% מהפיצוי (בתוספת מע”מ)
   • Alternative: Hourly (800-1,500 NIS per hour) – rare in torts
2. Court fee
   
   • 2.5% of the claim amount (maximum approximately 100,000 NIS)
3. Experts
   
   • Medical opinion: 2,000-5,000 ₪
   • Economic opinion (loss of income): 3,000-8,000 NIS
   • Traffic specialist: 5,000-15,000 ₪
4. Additional expenses
   
   • Document photocopying, travel, errands

סה”כ עלויות בתיק ממוצע: 20-30% from compensation

Non-monetary costs:

• time – A process that can take 2-4 years
• tension – Testimony, cross-examination, uncertainty
• energy – Preparation for discussions, meetings, follow-up

Advantages of going to trial

✅ Higher potential compensation – If you win, the court may award more than the settlement offer
✅ Rights enforcement – An unequivocal determination of who is right
✅ Setting a precedent – In cases of principle
✅ The verdict is final. – No need to keep buying and selling
✅ deterrence – Sending a message to the insurance company

Disadvantages of going to trial

❌ Uncertainty – You never know the outcome
❌ Long duration – Years of waiting
❌ High costs – Even if you win, the costs are deducted from the compensation.
❌ Tension and arrow – An emotionally complex process
❌ Risk of losing – Even if you are right

Scenarios in which it is worth fighting to the end

When not to compromise and fight:

1. The offer is extremely low. (less than 50% of expected compensation)
2. There is clear evidence of the other party's guilt. (Dashcam footage, witnesses)
3. The damage is serious and the compensation is significant. (Over 500,000 NIS) – Here the improvement in the law can be significant
4. The insurance company is acting in bad faith. (refuses to pay without reason, delays, prevents access to documents)
5. There is a fundamental issue. that is important for you to decide (for example: liability in new cases)
6. You have a very strong case. – Evidence, documents, witnesses – and the chance of winning is higher than 80%

Example from practice:

In a case in which he was severely injured (disability 40%), he demanded compensation of 2 million NIS. The insurance company offered 800,000 NIS.

After a trial, the court awarded 1.8 million NIS. Despite the costs (approximately 300,000 NIS), the victim received approximately 1.5 million NIS net – almost twice the original offer.

Scenarios where it is better to compromise

When should you compromise?:

1. The offer is reasonable. (80-90% from expected compensation) – The gap is too small to warrant a trial
2. There are weaknesses in the case. (No witnesses, insufficient documentation, medical dispute)
3. You need the money now. – Can't wait years
4. The medical condition is still unstable. – It is difficult to determine future damage
5. The bag is small. (Less than 100,000 NIS) – The costs and time are not worth it
6. You don't have the mental strength to cope. With a long sentence

Example from practice:

In a property damage case (60,000 NIS), the offer was 50,000 NIS. Although the injured party was right, he chose to compromise because the cost of the trial (fee, traffic expert, time) could have eaten up the difference.

Court settlement – How does it work??

Even after filing a lawsuit, most cases end in a settlement. There are several steps:

1. Pre-trial conference

At the first hearing, the judge usually encourages the parties to reach a compromise. This is the best time:

• No evidence yet. – Easier to withdraw
• Costs are still low
• The judge may express an opinion. – This gives an indication of the result

2. Mediation procedure in court

The judge may refer the parties To the mediator (a retired judge or senior lawyer) who will try to bridge the gaps.

3. פשרה “על מדרגות בית המשפט”

On the day of the trial itself, just before we start hearing testimony, Huge pressure It comes down to the sides. Many reach a compromise in the 90th minute.

tip: Don't settle for a bad compromise just because of the pressure of the moment. Be determined.

In the verdict קופת חולים מכבי נ’ הדר, בית המשפט העליון ציין כי “פשרה בבית משפט היא מכשיר חשוב להשגת צדק, חיסכון בזמן ובעלויות, והפחתת העומס על מערכת המשפט. עם זאת, על בית המשפט להקפיד שהפשרה הוגנת ולא פוגעת בצד החלש.”

Common mistakes that cost victims millions

Error 1: Not documenting the accident properly

The price: Tens of thousands of shekels

The mistake: The victim did not take photos of the accident scene, did not record witness details, and did not report to the police. Months later, when he tries to sue, he has no evidence for his version.

What are we doing right?:

✅ Photograph everything – vehicles, damage, road, traffic signs
✅ Record witness details
✅ Report the accident to the police even if it seems minor.
✅ Save all documents

Real case: In the verdict דהן נ’ מנורה, the victim claimed that the accident occurred when the other party ran a red light. But in the absence of witnesses, documentation, or a police report, the court could not determine guilt. The lawsuit was dismissed.

Mistake 2: To plead guilty instead

The price: Loss of full compensation

The mistake: ברגע של בלבול ומתח, הנפגע אומר “סליחה, זו הייתה אשמתי” – והודאה זו מוקלטת או נרשמת ומשמשת נגדו.

What are we doing right:

✅ Don't apologize and don't accept responsibility
✅ היו נימוסיים אך עובדתיים: “אני מצטער שזה קרה”
✅ אל תשערו מה קרה – “אולי לא שמתי לב”, “אולי נסעתי מהר מדי”

Error 3: Do not seek immediate medical attention.

The price: Significant reduction in compensation or its loss

The mistake: הנפגע מרגיש “בסדר” אחרי התאונה ולא פונה לרופא. כעבור שבועיים מופיעים כאבים בצוואר ובגב. כעת, חברת הביטוח טוענת שהכאבים לא קשורים לתאונה.

What are we doing right?:

✅ Go to the emergency room or doctor within 24 hours of the accident – even if you feel fine.
✅ Document all complaints, even small ones
✅ Continue medical treatment until complete recovery.
✅ Keep all certificates and receipts

Legal principle: In the verdict אברהם נ’ איילון, בית המשפט קבע כי “פער זמן ממושך בין התאונה לפנייה לטיפול רפואי מקשה על הנפגע להוכיח קשר סיבתי בין התאונה לפגיעה, וניתן להפחית את הפיצוי בהתאם.”

Mistake 4: Receive an immediate settlement offer without consultation

The price: Hundreds of thousands of shekels

The mistake: יומיים אחרי התאונה, נציג חברת הביטוח מציע “להסדיר את העניין מהר” ומציע 50,000 ₪ במזומן. הנפגע חושב “וואו, כסף קל” ומסכים. חודש אחר כך מתגלה שיש לו נכות של 20% ואובדן השתכרות, והפיצוי האמיתי היה צריך להיות 400,000 ₪.

What are we doing right?:

✅ Do not sign anything before consulting a lawyer.
✅ Wait until the medical condition stabilizes (at least 6 months)
✅ Get a professional medical evaluation
✅ Calculate the fair compensation with the help of an expert

Real case: In the verdict גרינברג נ’ הפניקס, בית המשפט ביטל הסכם פשרה שנחתם שבוע אחרי התאונה, בקבעו כי “הסכם שנכרת בזמן שהנפגע עדיין בהלם, ללא ייצוג משפטי, וללא ידע על מלוא נזקיו, הוא הסכם שנעשה בטעות מהותית ונעשה שימוש לרעה במצוקתו.”

Error 5: Not keeping receipts and expenses

The price: Loss of compensation for actual expenses

The mistake: The victim spent 15,000 NIS on physiotherapy, 5,000 NIS on medication, 3,000 NIS on car rental – but did not keep receipts. The insurance company refuses to compensate.

What are we doing right?:

✅ Keep all receipts – medical, medication, travel, car repairs
✅ Attach a short description to each receipt – why you spent the money
✅ Scan or take pictures of receipts so they don't expire
✅ Manage an Excel file of all expenses

Important tip: Even small expenses add up. Trips to the clinic, parking, over-the-counter medications – all deserve compensation.

Error 6: Neglect the lawsuit and miss the statute of limitations

The price: Complete loss of the right to compensation

The mistake: הנפגע התעסק בחיים, בעבודה, בבריאות – ופתאום עברו 3 שנים ו-2 ימים מהתאונה. עורך הדין אומר לו: “מאוחר מדי, התביעה התיישנה.”

What are we doing right?:

✅ File a claim within two years of the accident (to be safe)
✅ אל תסמכו על הבטחות של נציגי ביטוח “שיטפלו בזה”
✅ אם אתם מחכים – הקפידו על התכתבות בכתב שמתעדת את המו”מ.

Error 7: Manage the case yourself in complex cases

The price: Significantly low compensation

The mistake: הנפגע מחליט “למה אני צריך לתת 20% לעורך דין? אני אעשה זאת בעצמי”. הוא לא יודע לחשב אובדן השתכרות עתידי, לא מכיר את הפסיקה, ובסוף מסכים לפיצוי נמוך.

When do you need a lawyer?:

• Significant bodily harm (disability over 5%)
• Loss of earnings
• Accident with multiple casualties
• Dispute over responsibility
• Expected compensation over 100,000 NIS

When can you do it yourself?:

• Property damage only (under 50,000 NIS)
• The other party is clearly at fault.
• No physical harm
• The insurance company is willing to cooperate.

tip: A good lawyer will get you more money even after deducting his fee. for example:

You are alone – 100,000 NIS.

With a lawyer – 200,000 NIS less 20% = 160,000 NIS net.

Legislation and key case law in the field of traffic accidents

Key rules that are important to know

1. חוק הפיצויים לנפגעי תאונות דרכים, התשל”ה-1975

The main highlights:

• Article 2: Absolute liability of the vehicle owner without the need to prove negligence
• Article 3: The injured party's right to sue the insurance company directly
• Article 10: Establishing a fund for road accident victims in cases of uninsured vehicles

2. פקודת הנזיקין [נוסח חדש], התשכ”ח-1968

The main highlights:

• Article 35: Liability for damages based on negligence
• Article 39: Vicarious liability (of an employer for an employee, of a parent for a minor)
• Article 62Types of damages that can be compensated:

3. תקנות התעבורה, התשכ”א-1961

Critical sections:

• Article 144: Obligation to stop at the scene of an accident and exchange details
• Article 145: Report to the police

4. חוק חוזה הביטוח, התשמ”א-1981

Important sections:

• Article 22: Obligation to notify the insurer of an insured event
• Article 23: Cooperation with the insurer in clarifying the claim
• Article 24: Good faith in an insurance contract

Guiding judgments – The laws that shaped the field

רכבת ישראל נ’ טננבאום (פסק דין מנחה בנושא כאב וסבל)

The facts: Injured in a serious train accident, he suffered a disability of 75%.

The determination: The court established principles for calculating compensation for pain and suffering, taking into account the severity of the injury, the duration of rehabilitation, and the impact on quality of life.

The meaning in fact: This ruling serves as the basis for calculating compensation for pain and suffering in all tort claims in Israel.